Breathlessness (or dyspnea) is a subjective sensation of the acute or chronic human feeling shortness of breathing with chest tenseness, increasing in respiratory rate more then eighteen per minute and a rise in its depth. Usually person does not pay attention to his own breathing located at rest. Breathing changes at moderate exertion rate and depth and people realize it, and such condition does not give him discomfort feelings, besides breathing performance comes to normal for several minutes after exercise. If exertional dyspnea becomes more severe during mild loading, or occurs during a person is doing elementary actions (at home walking, when tying shoelaces), or, even worse, breathing problems do not pass into a state of rest, it is a pathological shortness of person’s breathing, indicating about some sicknesses.
Classification of breathlessness
If the patient complains on difficulty breathing, so such respiratory shortness is generally called as inspiratory one. It mostly appears at the narrowing of the trachea’s lumen and the large bronchial tubes (for example, in patients with bronchial asthma or as a result of compression of the bronchus from the outside – with pneumothorax, pleurisy, etc…). If the sick individual has dyspnea on exertion, this is chiefly called the expiratory breathlessness. It occurs due to small bronchial tubes’ narrowing of the lumen and is a sign of emphysema or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There are some reasons for the mixed apnea – a disorder inhalation and exhalation. Primary among them are cardiac decompensation and different lung illnesses in the later, advanced stages. Today it is well-known five levels of the dyspnea’s severity, determined on the basis of complaints of the patient – Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (MRC).
Causes of dyspnea symptoms
The main reasons 
of dyspnea may be divided into four main groups:
- Respiratory insufficiency due to different sicknesses (such as bronchitis, bronchial pneumonia,pneumonia, bronchial asthma, and different others);
- Heart disease and many other cardiac illnesses and negative state of the person’s cardiovascular system;
- Hyperventilation syndrome (with dystonia and neurosis);
- Metabolic disorders, some disturbances of metabolism and overweight.
The breathing failure is generally conditioned by several damages of the bronchial patency, different diffuse sicknesses of the lungs’ tissues (parenchyma), many illnesses if the pulmonary vessels and various diseases if the breathing muscles or person’s chest.
Also this negative state can accompany such unpleasant conditions of the patient’s organism as hypertension or hypotension (very often), female gestation or period of menstruation, several upsets of the central nervous system and mental system, overloading of brains, general weakness, depression and epilepsy and many others. Sometimes the attacks of allergy (especially by highly allergic individuals) may be mostly accompanied by dyspnea and breathing stopping.
Shortness of breath symptoms
If a person suffers from trouble breathing, he feels that it is mainly needed a special muscular effort to breathe in or breathe out; before full exhalation is made, there is an unpleasant the need to take the next breath, there are other sensations often described as chest pain and shortness of breath.
How can we deliver from dyspnea?
Before you begin your treatment of respiratory shortness, please read this material very attentively. If you are not confident that you can cope with shortness of breath, seek medical helping immediately. The physicians can help you to make the truth reasons of your problems, and prescribe the necessary medical cure from concrete sickness for example:
- If you suffer from bronchial asthma the medical specialists usually recommend using some medicines possessed by powerful bronchodilatory activity and anti-allergic effects such as (Xopenex, Ventolin, Atrovent,Combivent and some others);
- If the patient has the strongest (including chronic) infection disease of lungs or upper levels of the respiratory ways, it is mostly probably basic weapon as antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications including (Gentamicin, Amikacin, Meronem IV,Amoxil, Amoxicillin, Ceclor CD, Levaquin, Rulide, Bactrim, Ciplox-TZ, Erythromycinand many others);
- From hypertension and different heart disease such drugs as Lasix, Torsemide,Hydrochlorothiazide, Aldactone, Triamterene, Verapamil, Mononitrate, Lanoxin, Ranolazine, Betapace, Cordarone, Diltiazem HCL, Norvasc, Azor , Amlopres-AT, Serpina, Minipress, Hytrin, Coreg and Cardura are usually applied in necessary doses;
- If the dyspnea connects with different nervous states such as anxiety, depression,schizophrenia panic upsets and others, the physicians often propose the patient to employ some antidepressants or anti-anxiety preparations such as (Zoloft, Prozac, Pristiq,WellbutrinSR, Elavil, Paxil CR, Effexor XR,Luvox, Lexapro, Cymbalta, Desyrel, Lithium,Alert Caps and Anexil);
- As the overweight and wrong metabolism also can be the reason of the breathlessness so the diet, physical exercise (under medical supervision) and usage of vitamins and herbal supplements such as (Becadexamin, Body Mass, Spirulina Capsules, Supradyn, Weight Gain Formula and so on) are inalienable parts of the therapy.
Some 
conditions require emergency medical care, so you should seek medical attention immediate if breathlessness is accompanied with the following symptoms:
- Suffocation;
- Chest pain;
- Loss of consciousness;
- Nausea and vomiting;
- The appearance of light frothy or pink sputum;
- Sudden weakness;
- Anxiety and uneasiness (sometimes the depressed state);
- Cold clammy sweat;
- Different others.
As the first aid it is mostly necessary to ensure sufficient inflow of fresh air volume, to lower the legs down and seat the patient comfortably. In order to avoid the attacks of breathlessness provocation it is also followed to take off exposure to pollutants, tobacco smoking and if it is possible you do not inhaled allergens and environmental toxins.